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Tuesday 21 October 2014

Out of Taiwan Theory Vs Out of Sundaland Theory in Malaysia

Out of Taiwan Theory Vs Out of Sundaland Theory in Malaysia

Out of Taiwan model

An element in the ancestry of Austronesian-speaking peoples, the one which carried their ancestral language, originated on the island of Taiwan following the migration of pre-Austronesian-speaking peoples from continental Asia between approximately 10,000–6,000 BC.[6][15] Other research has suggested that, according to radiocarbon dates, Austronesians may have migrated from mainland China to Taiwan as late as 4000 BC.[16]


According to the mainstream "out-of-Taiwan model", a large-scale Austronesian expansion began around 5000–2500 BC. Population growth primarily fuelled this migration. These first settlers may have landed in northern Luzon in the archipelago of the Philippines, intermingling with the earlier Australo-Melanesian population who had inhabited the islands since about 23,000 years earlier. Over the next thousand years, Austronesian peoples migrated southeast to the rest of the Philippines, and into the islands of the Celebes Sea, Borneo, and Indonesia. The Austronesian peoples of Maritime Southeast Asia sailed eastward, and spread to the islands of Melanesia and Micronesia between 1200 BC and 500 AD respectively. The Austronesian inhabitants that spread westward through Maritime Southeast Asia had reached some parts of mainland Southeast Asia, and later on Madagascar.[15][17]


Sailing from Melanesia, and Micronesia, the Austronesian peoples discovered Polynesia by 1000 BC. These people settled most of the Pacific Islands. They had settled Easter Island by 300 AD, Hawaii by 400 AD, and into New Zealand by about 1280 AD. There is evidence, based in the spreading of the sweet potato, that they reached South America where they traded with the Native Americans.[18][19]


In the Indian Ocean they sailed west from Maritime Southeast Asia; the Austronesian peoples reached Madagascar by ca. 50–500 AD.[20][21]

Out of Sundaland model


This "out of Taiwan model" has been recently challenged by a 2008 study from Leeds University and published in Molecular Biology and Evolution. Examination of mitochondrial DNA lineages shows that they have been evolving within Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) for a longer period than previously believed. Population dispersals occurred at the same time as sea levels rose, which may have resulted in migrations from the Philippines to as far north as Taiwan within the last 10,000 years.[22] The population migrations were most likely to have been driven by climate change — the effects of the drowning of a huge ancient peninsula called ‘Sundaland’ (that extended the Asian landmass as far as Borneo and Java). This happened during the period 15,000 to 7,000 years ago following the last Ice Age. Oppenheimer outlines how rising sea levels in three massive pulses caused flooding and the submergence of the Sunda Peninsula, creating the Java and South China Seas and the thousands of islands that make up Indonesia and the Philippines today.[12]


The new findings from HUGO (Human Genome Organization) also shows that Asia was populated primarily through a single migration event from the south.[23] They found genetic similarities between populations throughout Asia and an increase in genetic diversity from northern to southern latitudes. Although the Chinese population is very large, it has less variation than the smaller number of individuals living in South East Asia, because the Chinese expansion occurred very recently, following the development of rice agriculture — within only the last 10,000 years.

MELAYU ADALAH PENDATANG?--MALAYS ARE IMMIGRANTS

MELAYU ADALAH PENDATANG?--MALAYS ARE IMMIGRANTS

Dipetik dari facebook pengkaji sejarah dengan nama samaran Srikandi.


Educate urself: Orang Asli dan Melayu
Sesetengah pihak menyangka bahawa Orang Asli adalah pribumi sebenar dan orang Melayu adalah pendatang sepertimana orang putih datang ke Australia yang dah ada aborigine.
This is very stupid wrong.So educate urself.
Soalan pertama,jika orang Melayu pendatang,bila mereka datang ke Malaysia?1880?1511?
Orang Thai adalah 'pribumi' Thailand bukan?Sebelum mereka datang ke Indochina,sudah ada Malay city-states macam Sri Dharmaraja/Tambralinga dan Chih-tu serta federation macam Srivijaya dan Langkasuka bersama-sama kerajaan orang Mon dan Khmer.Bacalah sejarah.Janganlah asyik duduk bawah mangkuk megi.
Ok,sekarang saya nak sekolahkan orang yang anggap Melayu pendatang dan Orang Asli serupa aborigine.
Orang Asli di Malaysia terbahagi kepada dua berdasarkan bahasa:
1-Aborigine Malay
2-Aslian
Aborigine Malay memiliki bahasa mirip bahasa Melayu.Contoh Aborigine Malay adalah Orang Kuala,Orang Kanaq ,orang Jakun dan Temuan.Aslian pula memiliki bahasa mirip bahasa-bahasa dalam kelompok Mon-Khmer.Contohnya orang Semai dan Mah Meri.
Aborigine Malay adalah Melayu-Proto.Mereka adalah kelompok kaum-kaum Austronesian yang lambat menerima anjakan tamadun sebab masih tinggal jauh di daratan dan masih mengamalkan ekonomi sara diri seperti berburu dan mengumpul hasil hutan.Melayu-Proto yang tinggal di pesisiran pantai dan menjalankan aktiviti perdagangan dan pelayaran adalah lebih maju dan terdedah kepada hubungan antarabangsa.Mereka ini kemudiannya menjadi Melayu Deutro (Deutro-Malay).
Nampak hubungan Proto dan Deutro Melayu.
Ini bukan semudah masalah kebanjiran orang Han ke Taiwan(terutamanya ketika Parti Kaomintang kalah dengan Parti Komunis China sehingga menyebabkan pribumi Taiwan makin terdesak ke pedalaman).Ingat,pribumi Taiwan seperti kaum Utsul adalah kaum Austronesia yang bahasanya mirip bahasa Melayu!
Jadi sebab itu saya tanya,jika Melayu adalah pendatang Malaysia, bilakah TARIKH KEDATANGAN ORANG MELAYU KE MALAYSIA?Ketika Kesultanan Melaka?Masalahnya Batu Bersurat Terengganu berbahasa Melayu ditulis lama sebelum Kesultanan Melaka naik.Okla,zaman Sriwijaya katakan abad ke 7 Masehi.
Tidak tepat sebab ada prasasti Cham berusia abad ke 2 Masehi yang sarat dengan istilah-istilah Melayu.Rujuk nota saya pasal Prasasti Dong Yen Chau di Vietnam.
Okla...okla...mungkin zaman Funan abad pertama Masehi.
Tidak tepat saudara saudari sebab orang Melayu berbahasa dalam kelompok Austronesia.Jika ingin letak label 'pendatang' kepada Melayu maka kena letak label pendatang kepada orang Jawa,Sunda,Bugis,Hawaii,orang Samoa atau orang Papua juga supaya mereka semua ini adalah pendatang di rantau Asia Tenggara dan Pasifik!
Jadi sejak bila wujudnya kaum Austronesia dan bahasa Austronesia?
BERIBU-RIBU TAHUN DAHULU!
Moral of the story,orang Melayu dan Orang Asli adalah pribumi.Yang bukan pribumi ialah mereka yang takut kena halau dari Malaysia.Takut mati,takut gagal,takut miskin,takut itu,takut ini sebab sedar mereka bukan pribumi.
So take a lesson.Walaupun pribumi,orang Melayu tak jalankan dasar Apartheid macam di Afrika.Orang Melayu tak jalankan Revolusi Budaya macam Mao Tse Tung buat kat China.So why you too noisy like a dog?Rileks,kita cari makan sama2 di Malaysia so duduk diam-diam.
Benda ni sensitif dan ada bukti sejarah,sosiologi dan linguistik.Senang citer,you kalau fight dalam court mesti kalah.Jika benda-benda macam ni dibangkitkan di Indonesia atau Thailand,dah tentu rest in peace.Pernah baca pasal Riot Mei 1998 di Indonesia?
Jadi setiap manusia ada limit kesabaran dia.Jika you nak bohong satu bangsa pasal this crap,itu adalah sesuatu yang tidak bertanggungjawab dan stupid retarded.
So...educate urself
~Srikandi